After nearly two years of violent conflict, Sudan’s paramilitary group, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), and its allied factions have signed a transitional constitution on Tuesday, further consolidating their position in the country’s ongoing war. The conflict between the RSF and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) erupted in April 2023, sparking widespread displacement, famine, tens of thousands of deaths, and widespread sexual violence.
The new transitional constitution signed by the RSF marks a significant step towards the establishment of a parallel government in Sudan. The document formalizes a new government structure and outlines the creation of a federal, secular state, which would be divided into eight regions. This development is seen as an attempt to institutionalize the RSF’s control in areas they currently occupy, particularly in the context of a long-running struggle for power in the capital, Khartoum.
Despite this political move, military confrontations continue. On Tuesday, fighting between the RSF and Sudanese Armed Forces persisted, though the RSF’s recent military advances have stalled. For the first time in over two years, the Sudanese Armed Forces have gained significant ground. By the end of February 2025, the SAF had made notable progress, advancing closer to retaking control of the capital, Khartoum.
Experts remain cautious about the immediate future of the conflict, predicting that the war will likely persist for an extended period. The struggle for Khartoum, Sudan’s most important city, is expected to play a pivotal role in the next phase of the conflict, with both sides determined to control the strategic heart of the country.
As the RSF moves closer to forming its own governing structure, the situation remains precarious for Sudan’s civilian population, with no clear end to the fighting in sight. Humanitarian organizations continue to warn of the worsening conditions, as the conflict drags on with devastating consequences for the country’s citizens.
