Niokolo-Koba National Park, the last sanctuary for critically endangered lions in West Africa, faces immense challenges in its efforts to protect these iconic animals. Located in southeastern Senegal, the park is a key biodiversity hotspot and home to the last remaining lion population in the region, with fewer than 250 lions remaining in all of West Africa.
Park director Paul Diedhiou oversees one of nine anti-poaching brigades responsible for patrolling the 3,500-square-mile park, which is plagued by poaching and illegal gold mining. Despite their best efforts, the rangers, who often patrol on foot, are struggling to tackle the rising demand for lion and leopard parts linked to traditional beliefs.
Lions are poached in Senegal for their skins, which are used to create “gris-gris” – talismans believed to bring good luck, protection, and prestige. These talismans are highly sought after in Senegal, where marabouts (influential religious leaders) often prescribe the gris-gris to individuals. According to a report by Panthera, a wild cat conservation organization, the illegal trade of lion and leopard parts has been escalating. These gris-gris are made from parts of lions and leopards, often sold in local markets for prices ranging from a few dollars to as much as $1,900 for an entire lion skin.
While the park’s lion population has increased from 17 to 35 since 2017 due to enhanced protections, poaching continues to take a toll. On average, two lions are lost to poachers every year. Despite increased penalties, with the last poaching case resulting in a mere one-month prison sentence, the laws surrounding wildlife protection in Senegal remain inadequate. Panthera’s report notes that lion and leopard parts are sold in 80% of markets surveyed, with many artisans reporting a rise in sales in recent years.
Efforts to combat poaching have been bolstered by a partnership with Panthera, which has invested over $7 million into park infrastructure, including an expanded anti-poaching force, camera traps, new roads, and a ranger base with an airstrip. Panthera has tripled the park’s anti-poaching force from 20 to 60 agents, equipped with vehicles and necessary gear.
However, park officials say that securing the lions of Niokolo-Koba requires more than just law enforcement. Diedhiou stresses the need for education and awareness to address the cultural beliefs surrounding poaching and to foster community support for conservation. Engaging local populations and marabouts in the conservation effort is vital to ensuring the survival of the lions.
With fewer than 250 lions left in all of West Africa and the illegal trade thriving, Niokolo-Koba’s lions face an uncertain future. But as the fight for their survival continues, efforts from local rangers, conservation groups, and government officials are key to securing their future.
